Sociology, Anthropology, By Lewis Binford - 932 Words

Throughout the article, Archaeology as Anthropology, Lewis Binford argues that by looking at culture through a systemic view point our interpretations of the past can become stronger and will improve the field of archaeology and anthropology as a whole. His article is integral to the foundation of ‘New Archaeology’ because it gave a critical review of the short comings of a cultural historic approach, and provides suggestions of improvement that have been applied and even built upon in contemporary archaeology. These improvements are discussed by looking at three major functional sub-classes of material culture, with regard to the processes of change, and then applied in the context of the utilization of native copper in eastern North America. This approach created a new viewpoint with which to understand the past through cultural material and was one of the highlights that brought the field of archaeology to what it is today. Binford discusses the historical-cultural ap proach, by first acknowledging that it contributed to a vast amount of archaeological data that increased the limited knowledge that was available to archaeologists in the past (Binford, 1962). One of the concerns he had with this approach was the fact that archaeologists who were looking at this data, were providing explanations centering on specific events rather than the processes of cultural change and evolution (Binford, 1962). Matthew Johnson clarifies this limitation in his book, ArchaeologicalShow MoreRelatedAnthropology Relation with Other Social Sciences2821 Words   |  12 PagesAnthropology (from the Greek word á ¼â€žÃŽ ½ÃŽ ¸Ã Ãâ€°Ãâ‚¬ÃŽ ¿Ãâ€š, human or person) consists of the study of humanity (see genus Homo). The discipline is a holistic study, concerned with all humans, at all times, in all humanitys dimensions. Anthropology is traditionally distinguished from other disciplines by its emphasis on cultural relativity, in-depth examination of context, and cross- cultural comparisons. Anthropology is methodologically diverse, using both qualitative and quantitative methods, such as firsthand

Comparitive Religion Hinduism and Christianity - 4696 Words

Bottom of Form Comparing Christian and Hindu understandings of Salvation Heather Brooke Comparing Christian and Hindu understandings of Salvation. In our evangelism, is it possible to bridge the gulf? Heather Brooke -------------------------------------------------- Heather Brooke. Currently enrolled in the Graduate Diploma of Mission Studies, Tabor College. Heather Brooke is a wife, mother and teacher who is currently studying at Tabor College, Melbourne working on her Graduate Diploma in Mission Studies. Recent trips to Belarus, Philippines and Fiji have engendered a passion for mission especially with orphans and orphan graduates. To this end, she is studying Russian and longs for the day she can speak with these young people†¦show more content†¦The Hindu assumption is that this release is ultimately possible for all. Karma The Hindu’s view of sin is different to the Christian view in that â€Å"sin† is something done against oneself, not against God therefore the penalties for that â€Å"sin† are also against oneself. This is why the Hindu has to endure repeated cycle of rebirths until they reach that desired state and escape to Nirvana or oblivion. This is why they must work to be better in their current life to improve their position for the future life and more closely gain their oneness with Brahman. The doctrine of karma, in Hinduism, insists that sinful actions must reap their appropriate consequences (Dickson, 2005: 225). Hindus believe that you reap what you sow and that your past behaviour â€Å"determines your fate in the present, and deeds in the present determine the future† (Winter and Hawthorne, 1999: 635). In this way karma is a block to a Hindu understanding about Christian salvation. This is because grace – notably the forgiveness of sins by God’s pure mercy as demonstrated by Jesus - is an unknown concept. The â€Å"law of karma maintains that human life is locked into a web of causal relations determining both present conditions of life and future events† (Johnson, 1985: 79), therefore there is no need for repentance from guilt, sin and shame - one can simply, maybe, do better in the next reincarnation.Show MoreRelatedComparitive Religion : Hinduism and Christianity4682 Words   |  19 Pages the biographies of two former Hindus provide additional insights into these questions. Hindu view of Salvation Hindus view salvation differently to Christians. For Hindus the problem is attachment to the material aspects of this world. Within Hinduism, a person aims to be relieved of the endless cycle of reincarnations and be released into the great One, Brahman, to become synonymous with this ultimate being. The body reincarnates from body to body until it achieves this final release which â€Å"isRead MoreA Comparitive Analysis on the Film Adaptation of Life of Pi2010 Words   |  9 PagesA COMPARITIVE ANALYSIS ON THE FILM ADAPTATION OF LIFE OF PI ASSIGNMENT SUBMITTED BY C.H. SAI PRADYUMNA REDDY (2009A7TS087H) ANEKETH T (2009AAPS048H) I RAVI THEJA (2009AAPS057H) RAM BABU T (2009C6PS644H) FAITHFULNESS amp; CREDIBILITY OF THE FILM ADAPTATION No matter how it is judged, a film adaptation owes something to its original i.e., an adaptation of a novel owes something to that novel. An Adaptation can fall into three categories based on how faithful it has been in representating the factsRead MoreA Comparitive Analysis on the Film Adaptation of Life of Pi1996 Words   |  8 PagesA COMPARITIVE ANALYSIS ON THE FILM ADAPTATION OF LIFE OF PI ASSIGNMENT SUBMITTED BY C.H. SAI PRADYUMNA REDDY (2009A7TS087H) ANEKETH T (2009AAPS048H) I RAVI THEJA (2009AAPS057H) RAM BABU T (2009C6PS644H) FAITHFULNESS amp; CREDIBILITY OF THE FILM ADAPTATION No matter how it is judged, a film adaptation owes something to its original i.e., an adaptation of a novel owes something to that novel. An Adaptation can fall into three categories based on how faithful it has been in representating

Business Capstone Project Society and National Economy

Question: Discuss about the Business Capstone Project for Society and National Economy. Answer: Introduction Generally, it is understood that international migration has a potential to have a considerable effect in the areas of politics, society and national economy for any countries. Hence, the migration between New Zealand and Australia does affect the political environment, society and national economy of the both countries. According to Sanderson (2009, p. 293), the improved transports and advanced communications technologies have made it accessible and affordable for majorities of us in establishing contacts along with broadened knowledge of opportunities and circumstances elsewhere. It was reported by Australian Bureau of Statistics (2014) that, 6.6 million (28.1%) of the total population were estimated to be born overseas and New Zealand born people were among the second largest group of residents born overseas at 2.6%. This research proposal will utilise secondary data to analyse the trend and impact of mobility from New Zealand to Australia. The aim is to explore prior researches a nd suggest the findings in regards to the reason for the mobility and possible impacts. Statement of Purpose The two countries, Australia and New Zealand, have an exclusive relationship fostered by many factors such as geographic nearness and common histories as a part of the Commonwealth and the ANZAC tradition. Hence, their relationship has made it easier for the citizens of the both countries to migrate without restrictions between the two countries. (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2010) Significantly, it has been reported that the movement of New Zealanders to Australia has soared in recent decades due to the economic optimism in Australia comparative to New Zealand. The existing literatures also suggest that, mobility and migration decision is influenced by economic considerations, lifestyle benefits, culture, environment and other various factors. (Green, Power and Jang, n.d.). Furthermore, the migration trends have been suggested to be highly inclined towards temporary stays instead of permanent settlement. Globalization has also played an effective role in enhanced integration between New Zealand and Australia. For this reason, the existing literatures suggest the increased chances of work-related mobility and internationalised labour markets to be contributing the migration trend (Sanderson 2009, p. 293). However, regardless of the implications for both countries, the motivating factors and impact of the trans-Tasman movement for migrants travelling from New Zealand to Australia still need more significance for extensive research studies. Thus, the objective of this additional research is to determine what attracts New Zealanders to move to Australia and identify the kind of existing migration trend on the basis of age, work, gender, residency and citizenship. Aim of the research The prime aim of the research is to identify and analyze the factors that are creating positive impact over the emerging migration trends from New Zealand to Australia. Objectives of the research: As per the article by Heckscher, Halley and Stampul (2015, p. 288) selection of research objective is an important factor that the researcher will have to consider in order to complete the research study successfully. The research objectives are as follows: 1. To identify the factors those are responsible for determining the trend of migration from New Zealand to Australia 2. To evaluate the ways by which the migration trend is impacted on the basis of age, work, gender, residency and citizenship 3. To analyze the kind of impact that the migration trend can have on the economical condition of Australia 4. To identify the best possible way for Australia to handle the emerging migration trend Introduction According to Brettell and Hollifield (2014, p. 23) migration reflects the movement of people from one economy to another economy. Thus, migration is a complex problem that many dimensions associated with it. As mentions by Greenwood (2016, pp. 34 36) the problem associated with migration can vary, as it is a multidimensional problem. On the other hand, Favell (2015, p. 38) highlights that migration can be describe as an outcome of multifaceted interaction of factors, which is difficult to be defined rationally by a single theory. However, the theories related to the migration can be analaysed from two different perspectives: macro-level structural issues and micro-level structural issues where the first focuses on economic differences, political differences and the latter focuses on individual decision making, individual motivating factors for the migration etc. (Green 2006, p. 102-105). Theoretical framework According to Todaro and Smith (2006, p. 342), neo-classical theory is the current dominant theory on migration, which explains that the stimulation of migration is significantly dependent on the reasonable economic considerations of comparative benefits and costs. This theory focuses on differences in wage returns to labour across global markets. As describes by Skeldon (2012, p. 159) this theory explains both micro and macro aspects of migration. This theory elaborates that unbalance distribution of labor and capital at the macro level can cause huge inequalities living conditions and wages that can have huge amount of impact on the number of migration. On the other hand, the micro approach of this theory not only focuses on the labor market but also on other markets like unemployment insurance market or capital market as well. The theory highlighted that major household strategy for migration is focuses on changing the source of income rather than increasing the income level. Hence , the migration of New Zealanders to Australia can be analysed in relation to the geographic differences between two countries. As labor supply and demand and wage differentials between labor-rich versus capital-rich countries (Kurekova 2011, p. 5). On the other hand, World Systems theory views migration to be influenced by structural changes of markets, globalization, rising economical interdependency and establishment of innovative production. This theory focuses on the strong relationship and dependency of capital markets and labour mobility. Similarly, there are other theories such as Network theory and Dual labor market theory, which respectively explains demand perspective of migration and factors influencing migration on a time and space basis (Kurekova 2011, pp. 8, 9 10). This theory highlights that the root cause for migration is the unequal development between the peripheral agricultural countries and central developed countries. Since, this unequal development enforces the people from peripheral countries to move towards the developed prime countries. Moreover, the world system theory illustrates that migration will help the central countries, as they can be able to exploit the peripheral countries. This theory also highlighted that migration is an obvious consequences of globalization. Since, globalization enables frequent interaction among people from several countries. As a result, people are becoming well aware about the kind of benefits they might able to receive by shifting to another country. This definitely enhances the number of immigrants all over the world. As per the article by Wright and Ellis (2016, pp. 16, 17 18) the dual labor market theory can also be considered as one of the significant theory for evaluating the migration issue. It highlights that the industrialized countries labor market have a dualistic structure. It includes unskilled workers and skilled workers. The skilled workers are often provided with greater allowances. On the other hand, unskilled workers have to suffer consequences of low wages. As opined by Sykes (2013, p. 321) employers in industrialized countries are determined to keep this wage difference between skilled workers and unskilled workers. As a result, many unskilled workers force to move to another place in search of a better opportunity. On the other side, industrialized countries will have to face the shortage of bottom of hierarchy labors. Thus, they are forced to employ unskilled labor from different countries, which also create positive impact on the number of immigrants entering in the developed economy. Therefore, Heckscher, Halley and Stampul (2015, p. 287) mentions that every economies will have to be extremely careful regarding the number of population leaving the country and number of foreign people entering in to the new economy so that it can able to create a balance between these two. This might help the economy to minimize the negative consequences of migration trends. From the analysis of all above theories, it can be understood that study and analysis of migration can be an intricate, varied and multifaceted experience as it involves an interaction between micro and macro levels. Hence, it makes the research activities to be conducted at varied levels involving multiple methodological resources and approaches. In brief, it can be ascertained that migration research can be challenging in terms of empirical evidence and concepts. Literature gap: The above discussion highlights the fact that migration has emerged as one of the prime concern of the economy that they have to deal with. Since, the more number of people will come into an economy the greater will be the chances of creating negative impact on the political, economical and cultural aspect of the economy. The above discussion highlights that people enter into new economy in search of better quality of life and when they enter into the economy, they started to consume all the available resources of the economy like any other residents. Furthermore, increase number of immigrants forces the economy to feel the consequences of cultural differences (Guha 2014, p. 46). Thus, the emerging migration trends have forces Australia to look at several factors. In this study, the focus will be on these factors and the kind of impact it can made on the overall developmental process of the Australian economy. After considering the existing literatures, data and reports, this research proposal aims to guide the further research on the basis of the following research questions: 1. What factors are responsible for determining the trend of migration from New Zealand to Australia? 2. In what ways the migration trend is impacted on the basis of age, work, gender, residency and citizenship? 3. How the migration trend can make impact on the economical condition of Australia? 4. What are the best possible ways for Australia to react to this emerging migration trend? Research Methodology: Overview Research Outline As per the article by Taylor, Bogdan and DeVault (2015, pp. 27 29) research methodology has the potential to in evaluating variety of research methods, philosophies and designs, which will help the researcher to fulfill the objective of the study in an effective way. Research outline include several methodologies and measures that the researcher might chose to implement to assure that the research study is going in the right direction. In addition, research outline helps the researcher to maintain proper flow of the research process. Traditionally, outline of the research provides various types of philosophies, approach and designs. As per the research outline is concerned, proper justification will have to provide by the researcher for the selected approach and processes for the completion of the research study. Thus, if the researcher can able to maintain the selected outline for the completion of the study, it will assist to fulfill the goal of the research study. To identify the migration trend, the research will chose deductive research approach, positivism research philosophy. For this study, the researcher will follow the processes below to collect and analyse various data to meet the research objective. Research philosophy As per the article by Mackey and Gass (2015, p. 87) researcher philosophy is a significant factor that the researcher will have to focus in order to complete the research study successfully. The article highlights three types of research philosophies namely interpretivism, positivism and realism that researchers utilize to fulfill the objective of the research study. It is significant to note that selection of research philosophy can be able to guide the researcher to the valuable outcome of the entire research process. With the assistance of positivism research philosophy, research studies can utilize evidence base logical investigation. On the other hand, interpretivism research philosophy can conduct a research study by emphasizing on the overview of the entire population in order to understand the significance of the research study. Furthermore, realism research philosophy focuses on conducting the research study by evaluating every situation simply as they seem to occur. For ana lyzing the migration trend, the research will focus on the positivism research philosophy. Justification of selected research philosophy Out of the available three research philosophies, the researcher has chosen positivism research philosophy, as it has the potential to provide a gateway for the research study. The positivism research philosophy also has the potential to develop a specific outcome by considering different variables related to factual evidence and real evidence regarding the topic of the research study. For this particular research topic, the researcher has chosen this research philosophy as it will assist the researcher in evaluating all the factors related to the migration trends (Silverman 2016, p. 112). Furthermore, positivism philosophy allows the researcher to crosscheck all the factors so that the outcome of the study can be able to depict actual situation of the research topic. Research approach Research approach is another significant factor that the researcher has to focus in order to accomplish the research goals. Since, research approach can guide the researcher to identify critical factors related to the research study. As mentions by Panneerselvam (2014, p. 13) research approach has two types inductive research approach and deductive research approach. Inductive approach helps in capturing required information about the research topic. On the other hand, deductive approach can be utilized to cultivate numerous data related to the research process. For the identification of the migration trend, the researcher will focus on to consider deductive research approach. Justification for the selected research approach For this particular research topic, the researcher will select deductive research approach, as it will assist the study to include previous study and theories related to the research topic. Thus, it will help the study to capture in-depth information, which will in turn create positive impact on the outcome of the study. Furthermore, this research approach can help the researcher in understanding the effectiveness of implementing several theories that has the potential to enhance the outcome of the study (Gast and Ledford 2014, p. 71). The researcher selected deductive approach, as migration trend is broad topic. On the other hand, the researcher has not considered other research approach as it will increase the length of the research study. Furthermore, inductive research approach, as it is based on specific incidental and observational researches. Research purpose: As per the article by Pickard (2012, p. 23) research purpose can provide a great help in understanding the proper nature of the research topic. It also helps the researcher to have in-depth information about various factors relevant to the research topic. According to Miller et al. (2012, p. 32) research purpose has three parts namely explanatory, exploratory and analytical research purpose. Thus, the researcher selects any research purpose regarding the true nature of the research study so that it can able to fulfill its aim and goals. Explanatory research purpose assists the researcher in answering all the necessary questions rather problem solving. On the other hand, exploratory research purpose help the researcher in evaluating real problems and issues related to the topic of the study. Analytical research purpose can help the researcher to analyze real time data. For this particular study, the researcher will focus on the analytical research purpose. Justification for the selected research purpose Selection of research purpose highly depends on the nature of the research. Since, the focus of this study will be on the identification of trend. Analytical research approach can provide cutting edge to the outcome of the research study. In addition, it will help the researcher analyze all the captured information related to the researcher topic. Moreover, it will help the researcher to recognize different groups, parts and factors related to the researcher study. Research strategy As per the article by Anfara Jr and Mertz (2014, p. 26) for the successful completion of the research process, it is very important gather all the relevant information regarding the topic of the study. Thus, the researcher will have to implement effective research strategy so that the study can be able to meet its objectives. Gale et al. (2013, p. 117) mentions that effective research strategy represent a strategy by which a researcher can be able to capture all the necessary information from the respondents. Hence, as per the research strategy is concerned the researcher may select different types of individual interaction process to collect information from the selected respondents. For this particular study, the researcher will select both primary and secondary research strategy. Justification of the research strategy The researcher will choose both primary and secondary research strategy, as it will help the researcher to analyze all the factors related to the researcher topic. For the collection of primary information, the researcher will utilize survey technique as well as one to one interaction process that will provide help to the researcher in generating valuable information regarding to the migration trends. For effective utilization of the survey process, the researcher will formulate questionnaires that will contain only quantitative closed-end questions. The researcher will formulate quantitative questionnaires in order to identify the current migration trend. Target Population As per the article by Novikov and Novikov (2013, p. 28) research population refers to a large group of individuals that may have relevant knowledge related to the research topic. The research population refers to those individuals whom will get benefits from the outcome of the research study. However, most of the time research population refers to a huge amount of population, which cannot be covered for the successful completion of the research study. As a result, the researcher will have to target a particular group of the entire research population to ensure that the research study can be able to complete within the given timeframe. As the focus of the research study is to analyze the emerging trends of New Zealanders migrating to Australia, the target population for this research will be all the identified New Zealand migrants. Since, they are migrating to Australia for better economic opportunities and lifestyle benefits. Therefore, the researcher will try to cover all the areas within the Australia where most of the immigrants are taking shelter. The researcher to focus on the target population to generate an idea about the total numbers immigrants that are coming to Australian economy for the better future. Sampling technique As opined by Riley et al. (2014, p. 42) successful completion of any research study requires an effecting sampling strategy. Since, it can assist the researcher to select right respondents regarding to the topic of the topic of the study. According to Levy and Lemeshow (2013, pp. 31 32) selecting right respondents for capturing information is crucial for the successful completion of the research topic. Otherwise, it can mislead the outcome of the research. For this particular research study, the researcher will utilize the records of New Zealand migrants to Australia collected by Australian Government and New Zealand Government. Now, there are two types of sampling method namely probability and non-probability sampling method that are used by the researchers for fulfilling the aim and objectives of the research study. For this particular research study, the researcher will focus on the non-probability sampling method, as the research population is extremely large. In addition, the researcher chooses non-probability sampling method, as it will assist the research study to capture relevant information regarding the research topic. The researcher also will choose this sampling method so that it can be able to depict actual perspective regarding the migration trends. For this particular study, the researcher will select 70 respondents whom are migrating to Australia to collect quantitative information.. Variables It is hypothesized that, as economic stability and employment opportunities in Australia becomes better or worse, the number of people migrating to Australia from New Zealand also increases or decreases. Since, people always look to have a better life where they were provided with better opportunities. Therefore, when they are getting better opportunity in a particular economy, it is influencing them to shift from New Zealand to Australia. Similarly, the trend of New Zealand migrants travelling to and back to Australia frequently affects the number of the migrants taking up the citizenship. To undertake this research, the following dependent and independent migration variables have been identified: Dependent Variable To identify what factors induce the mobility of New Zealand migrants to Australia, the population of people migrating to Australia is identified as dependent variable. Independent Variable Similarly, the identified independent variables in regards to our research are economic stability, employment opportunities, age, gender, education and citizenship. Data Sources As mentioned earlier, both primary and secondary data will be collected for the successful evaluation of this particular study. Thus, this research will use the already collected and existing secondary data from several different sources. However, an extensive analysis would be presented by interpreting the data related to migration, housing, employment, education, departure and arrival etc. collected and recorded by statistical departments such as Australian Bureau of Statistics and Statistics New Zealand. Primary Mentor: This research project will be carried out under the regular consultations and mentorship of Holmes Institute, Brisbanes Capstone Project Units Lecturer Mr. Sergeui Mikhailitchencko. In order to ensure that the research is conducted within a standard framework and ensure a proper collection and analysis of data, information and resources within a suitable research methodology, the mentorship from the Lecturer is deemed to be essential and significant. Expected Outcome: Upon considering the literature review, it is expected that the research on Discovering an ongoing mobility trend and impact of New Zealanders migrating to Australia will provide evidence of the positive relationship between Australian economic opportunities and New Zealand migrants. On the other hand, it can be ascertained that other variables such as age, gender, work, education and citizenship are expected to directly impact on the migration decision and settlement of New Zealand migrants. Gantt Chart: The Gantt chart for this research proposal is given below: Gantt Chart Final Research Proposal: Discovering an Ongoing Mobility Trend and Impact of New Zealanders Migrating to Australia Activities March April May June Choose Research Topic Discussion Research on topic Methodology Decision Write Initial Proposal Submit Initial Proposal Literatures research Write Literature review Finalise research process data collections Submit Final Proposal Figure 1: Gantt chart Research Proposal Activities (Source: As created by the author) Data analysis Quantitative questions (for 70 migrants that shifted from New Zealand to Australia): How long have you been staying in Australia? Option Frequency (in %) Frequency Total responses Less than 2 months 34 24 70 2 months to 4 months 14 10 70 5 months to 9 months 9 6 70 10 months to 1 year 29 20 70 More than 1 year 14 10 70 Table 1: Total amount of time that the migrants from New Zealand is staying in Australia Figure 2: Total amount of time that the migrants from New Zealand is staying in Australia Findings and analysis: From the above analysis, the researcher has concluded that most of the migrants are very new in the Australian economy. Therefore, it will create a certain level of shock in the Australian economy. However, the study also highlighted that there is a fare share of people are present who are living for almost 1year in Australia. Therefore, it indicates that the Australia has the potential to cope up with the emerging migration trend from New Zealand to Australia. How far do you agree that the current migration trend will create adverse impact on the Australian economy? Options Frequency (in %) Frequency (in number) Total responses Strongly agree 29 20 70 Agree 17 12 70 Neutral 14 10 70 Disagree 29 20 70 Strongly disagree 11 8 70 Table 2: Current migration trend impact on the Australian economy Figure 3: Current migration trend impact on the Australian economy Findings and analysis: The analysis highlighted that the responses of the respondents are not able to depict a clear trend. Since almost 30% of the respondents disagree with the fact that migration trend can have negative impact on the Australian economy. On the other hand, 29% of the people have strongly agreed that the migration trend can have huge amount of adverse impact on the Australian economy. Since, Australia will have to face additional pressure regarding the increasing population. How far do you think that the current migration trend will affect the cultural diversity of Australia? Options Frequency (in %) Frequency (in number) Total responses Strongly agree 54 38 70 Agree 17 12 70 Neutral 3 2 70 Disagree 22 15 70 Strongly disagree 4 3 70 Table 3: Current migration trend affect on the cultural diversity of Australia Figure 4: Current migration trend affect on the cultural diversity of Australia Finding and analysis: In order to analyze the current migration trend and its impact on the cultural diversity of Australia, the researcher has implemented this question. Now the above analysis suggested that inclusion of migrants would create huge amount of impact on the Australian cultural diversity. The above analysis highlights that almost 54% of the respondents reflected that migrants would have impact on the cultural diversity. Therefore, Australia will have to be extremely careful regarding the current migration trends. What types of issue that people of Australia will have to face due to the excessive migration from New Zealand to Australia? Options Frequency (in %) Frequency (in number) Total responses Communication issue 36 25 70 Cultural issue 17 12 70 Economical issue 11 8 70 Social issue 29 20 70 Security issue 7 5 70 Table 4: Types of issue that Australia will have to face due to excessive migration Figure 5: Types of issue that Australia will have to face due to excessive migration Findings and analysis: The analysis focuses on the major issues that Australia might have to face due to the excessive migration from New Zealand to Australia. From the above analysis, it can be identified that 36% of the respondents have represented communication as the major issue that Australia will have to face regarding the emerging migration trends. Since, migration reflects people from different culture lives in the same community. Thus, it is expected that local people will face difficulties in sharing their thoughts and believes. However, the analysis highlighted that social issue is also a major issue that Australia will have to consider in order to identify the prime issue. What types of changes are needed to manage the current migration trend in Australia? Options Frequency (in %) Frequency (in number) Total responses Limiting the number of migrants in the country 12 8 70 Provide proper shelter 41 29 70 Develop rule and regulations 19 13 70 Maintain privacy 7 5 70 Others 21 15 70 Table 5: Types of changes are needed to manage the current migration trend in Australia Figure 6: Types of changes are needed to manage the current migration trend in Australia Findings and analysis: In this analysis, the focus will be on the kind of changes that Australia will have to enforce in order to handle the challenges of current migration trend. The above analysis highlights the change that Australia will have to make is providing proper shelter to the migrants. Since, providing proper shelter will help the migrants to adjust to the new economy in an effective way. Conclusion This research proposal proposes to study the ongoing mobility trend and impact of New Zealanders migrating to Australia and the comparative analysis of economic considerations, lifestyle benefits, culture, environment etc. are deemed significant for the research. This research proposal also discussed the existing literature review on migration theories and further outlined the research questions, research methodology, data sources, Gantt chart and expected outcomes as well. Upon following the research methodologies and approaches, it is expected that relevant data and information would be collected and further analysed within timeframe. References Anfara Jr, V.A. and Mertz, N.T. eds., 2014.Theoretical frameworks in qualitative research. Sage publications. Australian Bureau of Statistics, (2010). Australian Social Trends. Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics. Cat. No. 4102.0, pp.1-5. Australian Bureau of Statistics, (2015). Australia's Population by Country of Birth. Cat.No. 3412.0. [online] Available at: https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Latestproducts/3412.0Main%20Features32013-14?opendocumenttabname=Summaryprodno=3412.0issue=2013-14num=view= [Accessed 1 Sep. 2015]. Brettell, C.B. and Hollifield, J.F., 2014.Migration theory: Talking across disciplines. Routledge. Denscombe, M., 2014.The good research guide: for small-scale social research projects. McGraw-Hill Education (UK). Favell, A., 2015, July. Importing and Exporting Migration Theory across Continents: Europe, North America, and East Asia/(1) Importing North American Theory in Europe. In22nd International Conference of Europeanists. Ces. Gale, N.K., Heath, G., Cameron, E., Rashid, S. and Redwood, S., 2013. Using the framework method for the analysis of qualitative data in multi-disciplinary health research.BMC medical research methodology,13(1), p.117. Gast, D.L. and Ledford, J.R., 2014.Single case research methodology: Applications in special education and behavioral sciences. Routledge. Green, A. (2006). New Zealand Migrants to Australia: Social Construction of Migration Identity. Bond University, pp. 102-105. Green, A., Power, M. and Jang, D. (2008). Trans-Tasman Migration: New Zealanders' Explanations For Their Move. New Zealand Geographer, pp.3 4. Greenwood, M.J., 2016. Perspectives on Migration TheoryEconomics. InInternational Handbook of Migration and Population Distribution(pp. 31-40). Springer Netherlands. Guha, P., 2014.Economics of migration and remittances: A review article(No. id: 5618). Hays, R.D., Liu, H. and Kapteyn, A., 2015. Use of Internet panels to conduct surveys.Behavior research methods,47(3), pp.685-690. Heckscher, C.M., Halley, M.R. and Stampul, P.M., 2015. Intratropical migration of a Nearctic-Neotropical migratory songbird (Catharus fuscescens) in South America with implications for migration theory.Journal of Tropical Ecology,31(03), pp.285-289. Kurekova, L. (2011). Theories of Migration: Conceptual review and empirical testing in the context of EU East-West flows. University College London , pp. 5, 8, 9 10. Levy, P.S. and Lemeshow, S., 2013.Sampling of populations: methods and applications. John Wiley Sons. Mackey, A. and Gass, S.M., 2015.Second language research: Methodology and design. Routledge. Mathieson, K., 2014. Making Sense of Biostatistics: Probability Versus Nonprobability Sampling.Journal of Clinical Research Best Practices,10(8). Miller, T., Birch, M., Mauthner, M. and Jessop, J. eds., 2012.Ethics in qualitative research. Sage. Novikov, A.M. and Novikov, D.A., 2013.Research methodology: From philosophy of science to research design(Vol. 2). CRC Press. Panneerselvam, R., 2014.Research methodology. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. Pickard, A., 2012.Research methods in information. Facet publishing. Riley, W., Hays, R.D., Kaplan, R.M. and Cella, D., 2014. Sources of comparability between probability sample estimates and nonprobability web samples estimates. InProceedings of the 2013 Federal Committee on Statistical Methodology (FCSM) Research Conference. Sanderson, L. (2009). International Mobility of New Migrants to Australia. International Migration Review, 43(2), p.293. Silverman, D. ed., 2016.Qualitative research. Sage. Skeldon, R., 2012. Migration transitions revisited: their continued relevance for the development of migration theory.Population, Space and place,18(2), pp.154-166. Sykes, A.O., 2013. International Cooperation on Migration: Theory and Practice.The University of Chicago Law Review,80(1), pp.315-340. Taylor, S.J., Bogdan, R. and DeVault, M., 2015.Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. John Wiley Sons. Todaro, M and Smith, S. (2006). Economic Development. Boston, p. 342) Uprichard, E., 2013. Sampling: bridging probability and non-probability designs.International Journal of Social Research Methodology,16(1), pp.1-11. Wright, R. and Ellis, M., 2016. Perspectives on Migration Theory: Geography. InInternational Handbook of Migration and Population Distribution(pp. 11-30). Springer Netherlands. Yonjan, A. (2015). Final Research Proposal (assignment 3). Holmes Institute, Brisbane. Yonjan, A. (2015). Initial Research Proposal (assignment 1). Holmes Institute, Brisbane.

Research Report free essay sample

This research project is dedicated to my parents Kipkirui Arap Chepkwony and Tapsabei Chepkwony for their prayers and support, my brothers Alexander, Joseph, Philip, Alfred, Charles, David, Julius, Edwin, Bernard and all my siblings for giving me a chance to be a role model and for inspiring me towards further studies. I thank my supervisors Dr. Harriet Kidombo and Dr. Christopher Gakuu for being there for me whenever I requested for clarifications and for their wise counsel. I am also indebted to Prof. Maitho, Prof. Prokariyal, Prof.Macharia and Ms Patricia Muchiri for guiding me in correcting my proposal and towards completing my research project. I cannot forget to thank my colleagues Eddah Biegon and Walter Koech for enabling me to access research materials. I am also grateful to my wife Nelly Cheptoo, Clement Lelei, Justus Sang, Simon Ouko, Janet Mutai and Ken Mutai for their crucial support towards completing my research. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Report or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Special thanks to all the staff of Extra Mural department and School of Continuing and Distance Education for giving me the opportunity to pursue the Masters program. Most students spend a lot of time to network with friends in the face book website. Most of the staff members lack computer skills. Teachers lamented on limited access to the available computers and restricted internet usage. In addition, use of ICT demanded a lot of time, for instance making slides for teaching, which they explained could slow down syllabus coverage. Some teachers however were not well versed with computer usage for teaching purposes, for instance preparing power point slides. Computers are being utilized for planning, preparation and administration.

Gender and Number Systems of English and Bangla free essay sample

English language, number and gender are the major elements of secondary category. They have some individual character traits and features of their own, which make them different than the number and gender systems of other languages. Therefore automatically there comes the issue of compare and contrast them with other languages. In this assignment paper, I will present a detail compare and contrast study of gender and number systems of English and Bangla. In addition, for the better understanding, I would like to present the features of each system first. Gender English gender system: Gender is important as a grammatical category. There is a claim that English doesn’t have any proper gender system. That’s why; gender and sex are often associated together. English has its biological gender, not grammatical gender, because it depends on the division of sexes. In other languages, there is grammatical gender, that is, they have grammatical feature, refers to, all types of words unlike English, that refers to nouns or inanimate objects. We will write a custom essay sample on Gender and Number Systems of English and Bangla or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page David Crystal (1995) said, Gender is a grammatical category used for the analysis of word classes’ displays, such contrasts as masculine or feminine or neuter or animated or inanimate etc. Furthermore he added, In linguistics the discussion of this concept focuses upon the need to distinguish natural and grammatical gender. Grammatical gender has nothing to do with biological gender, but it has an important role in signaling grammatical relationships between words in a sentence. For example, we can present French gender system. In French language, adjective agrees with the noun. But in English, we don’t find this feature. Example: Bon homme – good man Bonne femme good woman Even we find article-adjective-noun agreement in French language. Example: Un beau garcon – a beautiful boy Une belle fille a beautiful girl Characteristics of English gender system: In English there are three common ways to change the gender. They are: ? Adding affix that indicates the sex ?Using a complete new word ?Adding word that indicates the sex-female/male. In English there are three genders: masculine, feminine, neuter. There is another gender also namely, common gender. So we can say that there are four genders in English. But in Hindi, French, Italian and Spanish there are two genders. Russian and German have three genders. In Swahili there are six genders. Moreover, Chinese and Japanese, there is no gender system at all. In European and English languages gender doesn’t change the verb. In Russian, there is a distinct past tense for masculine and feminine. Example: On pisal – he wrote Ona pisala she wrote In Hindi also gender changes the verb. Example: Larki chal rahi hain – the girl is walking Larka chal raha hain – the boy is walking In English, we see he/she. They are absolutely biological gender. There is no grammatical feature. So we can say that, English doest have any grammatical gender, because nouns can’t be classified in terms of adjective or verb like some other languages. The pair system: uncle-aunt, mother-father, brother-sister etc are dependent on sex system. This is a lexical feature. There is no grammatical feature. So, we should say male or female instead of masculine or feminine. Even the Oxford dictionary also defines gender being male and female. In English there are some feminine that don’t have any masculine form, Example: Amazon, Blonde, Flirt, Housewife etc. Again there are some masculine that don’t have any feminine form. Example: Captain, Judge, Knight, Person etc. There are some masculine genders that used as common gender. Example: Man, Hound, Doctor etc. Again there are some feminine gender used as common gender, Example: Bee, Cow, Duck etc. Some counter arguments: There is an argument that sometimes we find some grammatical features in English gender as well. Example: Actor – actress Poet- poetess In this case we are using suffix, so we can say that English has grammatical feature. However we should remember that this adding system is not regular. It is a kind of derivation, one kind of change from one form to another. Another argument is that, in English there are some objects, which we categorize feminine and masculine and there are not based on biological gender. Example: Sun (male)-moon (female) But at this time also we can claim that this division is also based on biological system, because nouns which indicate beauty, softness, weakness, love, devotion are treated as feminine and which indicate boldness, strength, death fear are treated as masculine. So here also the division is based on sex system. So, all these above mentioned discussions are enough to justify that English doesn’t have any grammatical gender system. Gender system in Bangla: In Bengali language, gender means lingo and the meaning of this word is symbol or some kind of sign. The symbol or sign, through which we can trace the identity of male or female in living beings, is called lingo. Jharna Rahman, the author of Adunik Bangla Bakoron ebong Rachana wrote, Bangla gender is dependent on biological system and only living entities have gender system. In Bangla, there are three types of gender: Estri lingo (feminine), Purush lingo (masculine) and klib lingo (neuter). There is another kind of gender called Uboy lingo (common gender), that refers to both feminine and masculine gender. (In this paper, I will use English translation for naming the types of Bangla genders) Characteristics of Bangla genders: In Bangla there are three ways to change the form of gender: ?Adding suffixes ?Adding another word ?Adding words that indicate a particular sex. In Bangla, gender doesn’t change the verb. Example: Meyeti gun gai- the girl sings Cheleti gun gai- the boy sings There are some permanent feminine gender that don’t have any masculine form: Example: Shatma, shatin, shajoni, lalana etc. There are some masculine, that don’t have any feminine form: Example; Bipotnik,daki, kritodar etc Counter argument: There are some genders in Bangla that show some other meaning instead of indicating only the biological difference. Example: Natok-natika (indicating smallness) Male-malika Git-gitika Aranaya-aranayani (idicating leargeness) However this is very rare. Compare and contrast of English and Bangla gender system: Similarities: The classification of Bangla and English gender is same, that is-masculine, feminine, neuter and common gender. Like English gender systems, Bangla also follows the same ways to change the gender from one form to another. Bangla and English both depend on biological gender system. They don’t have any proper grammatical feature in them. The gender of Bangla and English doesn’t change the verb. Dissimilarities: In English, there is individual word to trace male and female that is he for male and she for female. On the other hand, in Bangla, we use the same word to indicate both male and female: She (he/she)both for male and female. In English, adjectives don’t have any proper way of gendering. Example: Beautiful boy Beautiful girl In Bangla, we see that even adjectives have genders as well. Example: Shundury maye-beautiful girl Shundur chaley-beautiful boy We see that adjectives are changing their forms. More or less these are the similarities and dissimilarities between Bangla and English genders. Number Number system in English: Number of person and thing means number. According to Oxford Dictionary, Number is a word or symbol that represents an amount or a quantity. In English, there are two types of number: Singular Plural David Crystal (1995) said, Number in grammatical category used for the analysis of word classes displaying such contrasts as singular, plural and dual etc. In Sanskrit and Greek languages, there are three types of number: singular, plural and dual. Thus in Arabic we find: Malikun-a king Malikani-two kings Malikuna-kings In Chinese and Vietnamese, there is no grammatical category of number. In these languages the distinction between one and many is made by means of numeral or a word meaning several. When it is left unmarked, it can be traced as one. Features of number in English: Number raises fewer problems. The European languages have the distinction of singular and plural, marked in both the noun and the verb. The verb usually agrees with the noun. In English also, we find this feature. Example: The boy comes. The boys come. In some languages such as French, there is agreement with article and adjective as well as verb. Example: The little boy- le petit garcon The little boys- les petits garcons English number has some concord restrictions with verbs. Example: The man comes The men come Again it has some concord restrictions with the demonstratives as well. Example: This man These men One slight anomaly is that the present tense forms of verb are not simply divided morphologically into singular and plural. The division is rather between 3rd person singular number and the rest. Example: He goes VS I go or we go. Number in English closely associated with a category of noun that is countable and uncountable or countable or mass. The distinction is between words like book, cat and petrol, butter. The grammatical difference between countable and uncountable is that the uncountable don’t have any plural form and do not occur with the indefinite article. Example: One can’t say, give me a petrol or petrols. On the other hand the countable noun can’t be used without an article except that is plural. Example: He reads a book or he reads books. It is also possible to change the countable into uncountable and the uncountable into countable. Example: Petrol-uncountable A petrol I like much brand X. -countable Giraffe –countable Would u like some giraffe? -uncountable but meaning is changed Some singular number and collectives are commonly used with plural verb Example: The comity have decided Bangladesh have won But in this case we have to remember one thing that although the verb is plural but we cant use plural demonstratives before them. Example: We can’t say, these comity have†¦ Some nouns have no singular forms and they cant be used as numerous. Example: A pair of trousers, but not one trouser. A pair of shoes, but not a pair of shoe. But here we can use plural demonstratives. Example; These pants are good. In the number system of English, there are some anomalous plural forms that look like singular but are plural in meaning. Example: Police, clergy, government, mob etc. There are some nouns plural in form but singular in use. Example:Gallows, mathematics, politics, news etc. There are some nouns that look like plural but can be used both for plural and singular. Example: Corps, series, innings, spices etc. There are some nouns that don’t have any plural forms. Example: Alphabet, furniture, off-spring, poetry etc. There are some nouns that don’t have any singular forms. Example: Aborigines, aims, amends, annals, vitals, etc. Bangla gender system: In Bangla, number means bachan. It means the idea of number. In Bangla grammar, expressing the number of noun or adjective is called bachan. In Bangla, there are two types of bachan or number; Ekbachan-singular Bahubachan-plural The features of Bangla bachan or number : In Bangla usually we use ta, ti, khana, kahni, gasa, gasi etc to indicate singular number or ekbachan. We use words like ra, era, gulu, guli, der, shob, shokol, kul, brindo, pal, raji, rashi etc to indicate plural number or bahubachan. In bachan, honor or status is attributed. Usually we use ra era for only human beings and gulo, guli for lower ranked animals or for some non-living things. Example: Manushera maronshil. men are mortal Aamgulo tak- these mangoes are sour. Bangla bachan doesn’t change the verb. Example; Lokera jai- men go Lokti jai- man goes Bachan has some concord restrictions with the demonstratives. Plural demonstratives can’t be used with bahubachan. Example: We can’t say eigulo lokgulo bajare jai. The correct sentence is, ei lokgulo bajare jai-these men go to market. In bachan, double usage of bahubachan is not allowed at the same time. Example: Shokol manushera moronshil-incorrect Shob manush or manushera moronshil-correct (men are mortal). There are some bahubachan that look like ekbachan. Example: Pokar akromone fashal noshto-the corps have been damaged by the insects. Bajare lok jomese-people have gathered in the market. Sometimes the double usage of ekbachan indicates bahubachan. Example; Hari hari shondesh-lots of sweets Kari kari taka-lots of money There are some foreign words in Bangla bachan that express their number system following the rules of that particular language. Example; Murid-muridan Shaheb-shaheban After plural numeral, there will be not another plural indicator. Example; Du dozen but not du dozengulo-2dozens Pach hali but not pach haligulo- 5 halies Exception: Karimera kal chale jabe, doesn’t mean that there are more than one karim, rather it means, karim and others of his family. Compare and contrast English and Bangla number system: Similarities: The classification of both English and Bangla number is same: Singular and plural. The idea of countable and uncountable is found in both languages. Like the English number, the Bangla singular number also takes an article before them. Example: Amake ekti kolom dao-give me a pen Dissimilarities: English number changes the verb but Bangla bachan doesn’t change the verb. Example: In English number: man goes Men go In Bangla number: manushera jai Manushti jai In Bangla number, double usage of plural number is wrong, on the other hand in English number it is allowed. Example: In Bangla shokol manushera moronshil is a wrong sentence. But in English all men are mortal is a correct sentence. In Bangla, after a plural numeral another plural indicator is not allowed, conversely in English it is allowed. Example: In Bangla, du dozen is correct, and du dozengulo is incorrect. In English 2 dozens are correct, and 2 dozen is incorrect. In English number there is no problem with honor or status unlike Bangla bachan. Example: In bachan usually ra and era are used only for higher ranked living beings and gulo, guli are used for lower ranks or for non-living beings but in English number, there is nothing like this. In Bangla, sometimes using ekbachan, we can express the sense of bahubachan. Example: ami poaka voi pai-I am afraid of insects. Here this sentence doesn’t mean that I am talking about one particular insect, rather it means that I am afraid of any kind of insects. In English, this usage is rare These are the compare and contrast in between Bangla and English number. Bangla and English are two very different languages in the world, but whenever we try to do some comparative study between the number and gender systems of these two languages, we find they have many similarities in comparison of the dissimilarities.

The Israeli †Palestinian conflict

The Israeli – Palestinian conflict Introduction Both Palestine and Israel hold the belief that they both have the rights to the same piece of land . In essence the Palestinians claim the claim that the Jews drove them out of their land. On the other hand, the Jews believe that the land belongs to them. This is based on historical and biblical times. In the current times, leaders from both countries have demonstrated the willingness to have peace. This has been characterized by how close the two sides have come to having a peace deal.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on The Israeli – Palestinian conflict specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, a lasting solution has not been developed. It is worth noting that Israel and Palestine have are quite different and unique from each other. This is because each country has got a unique culture and history. In addition, the official languages which are used in these two countries are different. In essenc e, Israel is largely made up of Jews while Palestine is made up of Muslims. Muslims are followers of the Islamic faith. On the other hand, Israel is a very unique country because it is the only Jewish nation in the world. The Israeli – Palestinian conflict is a conflict which dates hundreds of years back. This conflict has not been resolved to this day. Until this day, the clash between these two nations still ranges on. From the biblical history, the region which is currently known as Palestine was once known as Israel. This was during the reign of King Solomon. The Jews and the Arabs who speak the Semitic language have always lived in this region. Thesis The conflict that has existed between the Palestinians and the Israelis has hindered development between the two countries. This is because the suspicion that has been in existence between these two countries has brought to the fore retrogressive aspects which have limited progress. It is also worth mentioning that the hist ory of this conflict has hampered positive relations among the young people from both countries. The Palestinian – Israeli struggle is an archetypical example of an intractable conflict. It is a protracted, violent, and drawn out struggle, wherein generation after generation is socially conditioned to continue fighting. The phenomenon operates as a destructive evolutionary mechanism subject to a general principle: almost every element that benefits the conflicts survives, while whatever operated against it becomes extinct. Indeed, almost every attempt to solve the Palestinian – Israeli struggle has created new problems, which in turn has led to failures and regression. To stop the destructive evolutionary progression, a revolutionary process is required. This paper seeks to establish the fact that cognition has played a major role with regard to exacerbating the problems that are causing the conflict. The effect of the conflict Any unstable political situation within a ny region in any part of the world is associated with negative outcomes within that region. This is because conflict is associated with retarded growth as well as limiting progress within a given setting. In essence, both states have faced hardships following this conflict. The Palestinian economy has stagnated and has been declining following the bottlenecks which have been associated with this conflict.Advertising Looking for proposal on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addition, the constant state of conflict has brought with it negative impacts on the Israeli society. This has been especially so among the Israeli youth who in many instances have found themselves facing post traumatic stress disorders. This has been brought about by the indiscriminate fear which has resulted from acts of terror. Even more disturbing, however, is that Israeli schoolchildren are among the most violent in t he world, a phenomenon believed to be the result of force being an accepted societal means of dispute resolution. The culture of violence prevalent which is prevalent in Israel has had a dramatic impact on most impressionable members of the community: children. They grow up learning that physical force is an acceptable and even successful means of response in a dispute. An asymmetrical Israeli response to a Palestinian attack surely encourages a youth to a school bully by such rash means as carrying a weapon. The purpose statement The purpose of this study is to establish the causes and the consequences of the Israeli – Palestinian conflict. This will shed more light into the mental attitudes that the Palestinians and the Israelis have with regard to each other. In essence, one of the reasons which has brought about this problem is on the basis that there are cases where one does not hold the political views of another thereby bringing about conflict. In essence, this conflic t can be controlled the moment that one is able to understand the causes and the effects of the parties who are under study. In this case, it is worth to mention the fact that our cognitive bearing with regard to a matter such as a perceived historical injustice can have negative implications in the way that people execute challenges. Research questions In order to obtain the findings which a researcher is interested in, it is important to set up the framework of questions which a person is interested in establishing. The question which this study seeks to address include (1) what is the relationship between the conflict and the attitudes of the conflicting parties (2) are there any measures which have been made with regard to establishing the peace process (3) what are the measures which can be made in order to have an impact on the attitudes of the conflicting parties. Theoretical framework There are several theories which are going to be used in this study. In essence, we are goi ng to be using the geopolitical theories. These theories will serve as a guide which shall be used in the attempt to understand the issues which are underlying the conflict between Palestine and Israel. In essence, the Jews were dispersed across the world after they suffered for a long a time. However despite this, they did not lose their identity. They were able to maintain their initial identity and culture. However, upon returning to their land, they forced the Palestine to be displaced. In this case, Friedrich Ratzel’s Organic State Theory is classic with regard to seeking to understand the expansion of Israel’s territory.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on The Israeli – Palestinian conflict specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This expansion covered some of her neighbors and led to the conquering of majority of the Palestinian lands. This theory expounds on this subject by explaining the fact t hat states were seen as organisms. In this case, the Palestinian state was seen as an organism which occupies territorial space. Based on this fact, states seek an opportunity to extend their territories based on the fact that the vastness of these states depicts the power of these states. Some of the concepts that this theory holds include nationalism and the right to self determination. This can be applied when it comes to understanding the strained relationship between Israel and Palestine. The conflict that exists between these two nations is based on the nationalistic ideology that is held by both nations. That is, both countries believe that they have the right of owning the land which is in contention. In essence, nationalism contends the right of a people within that nation being served by nations which hold similar views or serve their interest. Nationalism has played out clearly on the basis of the fact that both nations have laid hold of the dream to regain their sacred h omeland. Internationally, there are rights which respect a nation or a state’s right to self determination in pursuit to its survival. This determination has been held by both Israel and Palestine thus fueling the conflict. This is as a consequence of the fact that both parties hold the claim that the establishment of the states is based on their ability to recover their land. The second concept is the power urge. This concept is based on the opinion that conflict mostly arises from the states when nations seek to assert the urge to assert their power. This stance has been taken by both Palestine and Israel and has resulted in both parties not arriving at a consensus thus fueling the conflict much further. Literature Review The Jews and the Muslims consider some key cities and towns within the Palestinian territory to be holy cities. During the first century A.D, the Roman Empire took over the area that they came to call Palestine. Essentially, the Romans were pagans and they clashed with the Jews thus forcing them to flee from the area. During the nineteenth century, Britain, France, and the Turkish Empire controlled most of the Arabian region. The Turks controlled Palestine, from 1517 to 1917. It was during this time that the Jews who had been forced out this region began to return. During this Ottoman Empire, the Jews and the Arabs lived together in peace.Advertising Looking for proposal on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The story of the Israeli Palestinian conflict is rooted in the last decades of the Ottoman Turkish rule over Palestine. The ottomans ruled over Palestinians for hundreds of years. During the last decades of their rule they attempted to bring change to their reign instead of prolonging their stay. Although they had different ethnic backgrounds their common Islamic faith held them together thus their coexisted well with their counterparts. Consequently, this held the region together in stability. The common unity of the Muslim faith between the Turks and the Arabs was continually being challenged due to the foreign infiltration. Eventually, this led to rivalries and contests that existed between this empire and the European rivalries. The Ottoman Empire began to fall in the early twentieth century. During the First World War, the British and the Arabs fought together and defeated the Turks in Palestine. From 1920 until 1948, the British took over the control of Palestine. They worked on a plan to rule Palestine until Palestinians could rule themselves. Following this defeat, the British promised the Palestinians independence now that they had helped them to defeat the Turks. Despite this promise, the then foreign secretary Balfour Arthur had drafted a declaration for the Jews promising them to establish a homeland for them. Application of the theory Looking at the map, one cannot fail but realize or notice that the map of the Israel state has been changed a lot with time. From a geographical perspective, the nation of Israel is found right at the center of the Arab states. These states have been aggressive to the Israel states thus Israel feels insecure. This is because the Arab states have depicted the notion of taking back what was once their land that belonged to their sister state, Palestine. Due to this, there have been many wars which have been fought against Israel. Unfortunately for the Arabs they have lost these battles. This has confirmed that they Isr aeli army is well equipped to defend her boarders from any state which might try to take her land. According to Ratzel’s organic state theory, Israel ate up other states in order to set herself up as a sovereign state in the 1940s. However, the subject of land rages on. This is because as the populations of both states grow, there is a constant need for each state to put up measures to ensure that she is able to meet the needs of her population. Analysis In the process of analyzing this information, the researcher shall use analytical techniques in order to draw deductions from the information gathered. This is because working on this kind of project requires the researcher to be equipped with the relevant skills in analyzing information and data based on the critical thinking ability. This is because people process the information about what they go through based on the way that the information is understood as well as the way the information was obtained in the previous tim es. In this case, the information that seems to be true, or hold the views and ideas that we have is preferred by a person. The cognitive aspect ensures that people are able to go through the motions of the world without asking too many questions about the circumstances that they might be facing at a given point in time. Thus in this study, the researcher will seek to establish some of the cognitive frameworks which are held by the citizens in these conflicting states. In this approach, the assumptions which shall be arrived at will require the review of the current analytic line as they exist in the present, articulate the beliefs which are held by the opposing parties and then challenge the assumptions which are held by these parties. This will enable the analyst or researcher to be in a better position to stand by a fact which is prevailing. Thus the information gathered shall portray what is the cognitive framework of the parties involved in conflict. Conclusion The Israel †“ Palestinian conflict is a conflict which is rooted between two peoples. In this case we have the Jews and the Palestinian Arabs. These two people claim the ownership of the land under dispute. They are both fighting for this land in order to be able to obtain some form of liberation from the challenges that each state is facing. In the past, the United Nations has failed to act as an arbiter in this conflict. Consequently, this has led to the worsening of the ties and the escalation of the conflict between these two states. The vague detractions which have been established have also not borne any fruits from the conflict which is raging on. This strained relationship between these two states has caused this region to be in a state of recurrent conflict. The effects have been felt in both states. In this case, Palestine has faced economic hardships that have prevented her from economic growth. On the other hand, Israel has faced persistent threats from her neighbors, thus they ar e always living in fear. It is worth to mention that these states of affairs have aggravated the perception that people have towards or with regard to this conflict. Most people have cognitively accepted this state of affairs as the natural way of life. On the other hand, the probability of reaching an amicable position has been compromised due to the fact that these parties have held each other in utter suspicion. This has led to the belief that nothing good can be obtained from any peace talks which are being held. Thus it is important to first address the mentalities which are held by both parties so that one can be able to work towards establishing lasting peace in this region. Bibliography Abunimah, Ali. One Country: A Bold Proposal to End the Israeli-Palestinian Impasse. New York: Henry Holt and Co., 2007. Dershowitz, Alan. The Case for Peace:How the Arab-Israeli Conflict Can be Resolved. New York: John Wiley Sons, 2006. Fraser, T. G. The Arab-Israeli conflict. New York: Palg rave Macmillan, 2008. Gelvin, James L. The Israel-Palestine Conflict:One Hundred Years of War. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press , 2005. Gunderson, Cory Gideon. The Israeli-Palestinian conflict. New York: ABDO, 2003. Kershner, Isabel. Barrier:the seam of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005. Ler, Gregory. Israels Rising Economy and its Drawbacks- Causes, Consequences and Remedies. Nordesten: GRIN Verlag, 2008. Milton-Edwards, Beverley. The Israeli-Palestinian conflict:a peoples war. New York: Taylor Francis, 2009. Nitzan, Jonathan, and Bichler Shimshon. The global political economy of Israel. London: Pluto Press, 2002. Ross, Dennis. The missing peace:the inside story of the fight for Middle East peace. London: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2005. Said, Edward W. The End of the Peace Process:Oslo and After. New Jersey: Vintage Books, 2001. Smith, Charles D. Palestine and the Arab-Israeli conflict. New Jersey: Bedford/St. Martins, 2007.

Southern Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Southern Company - Essay Example Employees at various organizational levels are required to take important strategic decisions regarding their work. Unless employees have the right skills, knowledge and the acumen of taking correct and timely decisions for meeting their job responsibilities, organizations will not be able perform efficiently (Sharif, 2002). Some of the important aspects of talent management considered by strategic leaders of Southern Company are recruitment, selection and training of employees, placement, training and development program implementation, mentoring and leadership development. Since talent management and development requires investment of time, money and skills, most organizational leaders are seen to give low importance towards this aspect. Company’s selection and recruitment processes lack efficiency as a result of which employee turnover is seen to be high. Also, when candidates are not mapped suitably, they get placed in jobs without adequate talent match. This leads to ineffective performance and lack of dedication. It is also significantly important that organizational leaders develop training programs in order to enhance skills of the employees. Work conditions requirements are never constant. They keep changing along with the changing needs of business and the economy. Technological innovations also affect the manner in which work is performed within an organization. Due to such aspects, it becomes necessary that organizations impart training to their employees, so that their level of skill is enhanced and they can easily adapt with changing requirements of the business. These aspects must be deeply be considered by strategic leaders of the organization, who should develop suitable measures accordingly (Ashton & Morton, 2005). Objective metrics- This process involves collection of data regarding talent requirements present within the firm. For this, the firm must

Multimedia & Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Multimedia & Design - Essay Example It is therefore vital to acknowledge that emotional effect by a product to its users has to be made one of the focal point in the design process. Norman greatly recognizes the necessity of emotional appreciation in the available products, goods and services to the human beings (Norman, 2004). Figure 1: Key design considerations Throughout the scheme of importance of experiences and emotions, Normans has laid key emphasis on the importance of emotional appreciation. In addressing the subject, Norman divides human’s appreciation with focus laid at two notions that influence appreciation (Norman, 2004). These notions are visceral and aesthetic appreciation. Visceral appreciation engrosses a human being’s pleasure to something motivated by one’s natural intelligence or knowledge in practical circumstances where any of the stimuli sensory faculties are triggered from in or outside an individual’s body (Norman, 2004). The stimuli faculties here include an indivi dual’s ability to hear, view around (sight), smell, equilibrium, taste and touch. Triggering of the sensory stimuli leads an individual to consider something as favorable or unfavorable. On the other aesthetic appreciation encompasses the decisive reflection on art, nature and culture driven by one’s judgment of outlook or even taste. In brief, the second Norman’s division of emotional appreciation is based on one’s sensor-emotional values (Norman, 2004). Thorough analyses of the visceral and aesthetic appreciation provide a clarified detail of each and their integration to trigger an individual’s appreciation of one thing over another (Norman, 2004). Clearly, visceral appreciation focuses keenly on one being driven by the stimulus factors in or outside one’s environs. In this sense, it clarifies that visceral appreciation significantly revolves around effects of a product or service on one or a number of the stimulus faculties. For aestheti c appreciation, emphasis is laid on an individual’s sensory implication or sentimental judgment of a product, service or things around. It is hereby clear that the two do not have to be separated since revolve almost the same notion. To be precise, I disagree with Norman’s idea of dividing emotional appreciation based on the two. Norman clearly over complicates the idea of emotional appreciation. From point of view and thorough scrutiny of the subject, I can deduct that, emotional appreciation is based on the sensory effects resulting from only stimulus faculties and experience on a product or service. In other words, this clarifies that since aesthetic appreciation focuses on sensory judgment of a thing, then it (aesthetic appreciation) must involve one or more of the stimuli faculties. Therefore, if the stimuli must be involved, then that means it (aesthetic appreciation) depends on a key component of the visceral appreciation (Norman, 2004). This is because, as anal yzed earlier, visceral appreciation focuses mainly on the effects of stimulus faculties in or outside one’s body. It is in this sense that I prefer that Norman should have merged the visceral and aesthetic appreciation instead of separating them. In addition, the experience levels an individual has on a product or service with relation to another further enhances that individual’

How does Shakespeare present tension Essay Example for Free

How does Shakespeare present tension Essay The contrast in speech also applies to the language of the spirits of the Island which are shown to be quite delicate and poetic wild waves whist, Shakespeare uses alliteration of the letter w to slows the pace of the speech and produces sounds that makes Ariel seem less human or earth-bound but instead of the air or the waves. In contrast to the way Prospero treats Caliban, Prospero treats Ariel with affection, my dainty Ariel. Shakespeare uses the emphasis on the word my to suggest that Prospero is fonder of the possession of Ariel than Ariel himself. If the Island can be taken as a metaphor for humanity versus nature then the differences in the way Caliban and Ariel are treated by Prospero defines humanitys ambitions and fears. Prospero treats Ariel with love because he is an asset to him, fine apparition, my quant Ariel, and because of the power that Prospero gains through that control that makes him appear almost God-like. Humans control the elements to gain a level of direction in their lives, to make sense of the meaninglessness of life. It is this direction that leads Prospero to believe and aspire to be like God because it strangles the connection between him and the repulsive beings of nature he has power over, such as Caliban. Equality leads to lack of control and it is Calibans adamant rebellion to be seen inferior that sickens Prospero. In the Tempest, Caliban represents peoples natural state and when Prospero oppresses Caliban, Shakespeare is creating an image of civilisation repressing their natural selves and concluding that the tensions between civilisation and nature only exist because of the way civilisation resents its natural state. When Gonzalo speaks of his golden age he is explaining a world where nature and civilisation could exist as one without the tensions that are so apparent in the rest of the play. Gonzalo would have use of service, none, no occupation but rather live innocently with nature bringing forth of its own kind, all foison Shakespeare uses the structure of the speech, interrupted continuously by Antonio and Sebastian, to perhaps mock the idea and highlight its faults. The idea itself comes from a French philosopher who describes how the Europeans corrupted America with its advanced influence. Through Sebastian and Antonio, Shakespeare is undermining his words and this implies that his own opinion could be that nature and civilisation can never both exist without the differences or hostility between the two. I believe Shakespeare presents the tensions between Civilisation and Nature not as to highlight their difference, but rather to highlight the tension that is created by societys denial in their similarities. Perhaps the repulsion of Caliban is seen as a rejection of each of the more civilised characters untamed selves, their more sophisticated selves portrayed as wit, cunning or power. By this, I could say that Shakespeare is presenting Caliban as the only true character in the whole play, though coarse and unrefined he is evidently not a master of politics or scheming, such as the characters of Antonio and Sebastian, which has been learnt through the highest classes of civilised society. In this, Shakespeare is saying that both nature and civilisation are equal, the only difference being that nature is not in a state of self denial. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE The Tempest section.

Hotel External Environment and Internal Environment Analysis

Hotel External Environment and Internal Environment Analysis Introduction In legal terms Law is defined as, a rule of conduct or action prescribed or formally recognized as binding or enforced by a controlling authority: asÂÂ  aÂÂ  :ÂÂ  a command or provision enacted by a legislature. Basically it is a set of regulation and regulations of conduct, which are practiced in general. These rules and regulations are bound by legislature. In this assignment I will be discussing law in context with Consideration and Contract. Question 1: Marketing emphasises on meeting the needs of the consumers and providing them with value, and benefits, while at the same time handling the organisation in an efficient and profitable manner. Marketing is a process that involves constant adaptation and implementation of the varying consumer trends, and demands. While at the same time having a competitive advantage over the competitors, and while at the same time ensuring that the satisfaction of these needs result in a healthy turnover for the organisation. Objective of the coursework: The objective of this assignment is to analyse the Manor House Country Club Hotels (MHCCH) external environment and internal environment. I shall use PESTEL Analysis, Industry Analysis and MHCCHs Opportunity and Threat analysis to draw out the companys external environment and Core competencies, Value chain, Ansoff Matrix, strength and weakness of MHCCH will be applied to illustrate the internal environment. Overview of the Hotel: In 1992, Manor House Country Club Hotel was established as a family owned business by the Jenkins Family, in Singapore. The MHCCH spans over 3 acres of prestigious reclaimed land, and is operating currently as a single hotel. The Hotel provides various varieties of Luxurious accommodations, and serves tourists from around the World. The hotel also serves its customers with various types of cuisines, from its modernised Restaurant; the hotel also has Bistro that is licensed to sell alcoholic drinks. For corporate meetings and conferences to be held in the hotel, the hotel has adequate premises and facilities. And other miscellaneous services provided by the hotel include a Beauty Salon. In short it can be said that the MHCCH stands up to the luxurious benchmark that it projects. Analysis of the Micro Environment: (Internal) The Micro/internal factors are the forces inside the hotel that can affect the performance of the hotel, thus through the micro environment analysis, we search for and devise a strategy to overcome those shortcomings that might hinder the progress of the hotel. SW (Strength and Weakness) Analysis: (S)trengths: The MHCCH is located at a prime and favourable location, which is easily accessible. The MHCCH successfully depicts its Luxury position in the tourism and hospitality industry, thus differentiating it from the competition. It is licensed to serve alcoholic drinks in the hotel, thus widening its consumer base, and scope for profitability. Additional accommodation was added by MHCCH in 2002, so now it can house more customers, hence an increase in productivity. The Market value of MHCCH is eight times more than its actual value, which is the sign of a profitable and stable business. (W)eaknesses: There has been a consecutive decline in the number of corporate clients for the Hotel in the past years, while the number of trade conferences held in the country has gone up by 30%. Over pricing of the room rates above the average price level for similar rooms in other competitive hotels may lead to a decline in the number of customers. As for the current situation the MHCCH lacks direction in terms of a strategic plan for expansion, and its target consumers, those are essential for the development of the MHCCH. Recommendations: MHCCH can provide better meeting/conferencing facilities to its corporate clients to up the number of corporate bookings. Also it can reconsider its pricing policies and provide trade discounts to its clients. The accommodation/room tariffs to be priced at a market competitive rate, and not at exorbitant prices, which might set the customers off. A strategic marketing and action plan to be set by the MHCCH while keeping its prime priorities in focus. Conclusion: The shortcomings of the MHCCH are not of a major nature, they can be rectified by adopting simple corrective actions, like a strategic plan. It is quite natural for any organisations to face hurdles in its developmental phase. Core competencies: (Micro Analysis) Core competencies are what makes an organisation different from others, in most cases its direct competition. The MHCCH can develop its core competency on the basis of its luxury position in the market. It must aim at providing quality services to its customers at competitive prices. This also increases its foothold in the competitive market. As it is in the core culture of an organisation, to satisfy its customers and providing them the value for their money, that is what constitutes the basic differences among the various organisations. Value chain: (Micro Analysis) The basic motive of the value chain is to provide the customers with a certain level of value that surpass the cost of the activities and ultimately it appears in a profit margin. The value chain of MHCCH is presented below: Quality Service: The hotel management has to ensure that the customers are provided with high quality services that are worth the price that a customer is paying. So that the customer is satisfied. Satisfaction of customer needs: The second step is to meet the specific needs and demands of the customers as per their tastes and preferences, as the service industry tends to be very personal, tailor-made arrangements have to be made to meet the customer needs. Trained and Efficient staff: Every customer expects to be treated in the most hospitable and best manner possible, thus MHCCH should be certain that the staffs is well-trained and efficient when it comes to dealing with the customers. Marketing and Brand building: In this stage, MHCCH is looking for potential buyers to sell the services it offers and to do this they do advertising, pricing etc. And build a reputable image in the market, which is also a crucial factor to Customer satisfaction. There are some aiding factors to the points discussed above which cannot be fulfilled without the help of these: 1). Infrastructure: The aesthetic appeal of the hotel is a crucial factor of the quality it signifies in its service, thus the infrastructure should be as enticing and attractive as the services provided within the MHCCH. 2). Specialisation: To satisfy the specific customer demands, the hotel has to keep in mind that meeting those demands is crucial and difficult at the same time, thus specialisation in fulfilling the customer needs is an essential supporting factor. 3). Human Resource Management: The staff must be recruited and accordingly trained to deal with its customers, as the employees of MHCCH reflect the image of the hotel itself. Thus HRM is a bare necessity in the strategic planning process. 4). Marketing Research: With proper analytical tools and a better understanding of the market, the task of marketing becomes much easier for MHCCH, leaving a long lasting impression in the customers mind. Macro analysis: (External) By scanning the macro the environment, the company can devise a better strategy towards overcoming the identified threats and to utilize the available opportunities. OT: (Opportunities and Threats) (O)pportunities: Tapping the benefits of the high growth of tourism industry in Singapore. High demand of varying cuisines/lifestyles. Scope of expansion in conference/family travel groups. Expand the MHCCH brand by investing in external property, through borrowing/re-investing profit. (T)hreats: Highly competitive hotel industry, competitive pricing, similar services, etc. If proper steps to maintain and expand MHCCH are not taken, then this could be a potential threat to the hotel. Lack of Differentiation is another factor that serves as a threat to MHCCH as there are various segments i.e. budget youth hostels, five star hotels, backpacker lodges, etc. MHCCH should hold on to a particular segment and differentiate itself from others on its basis. Increasing Bureaucracy and the various new rules and regulations imposed by the government can cause hindrances in the expansion plans of MHCCH, e.g. licenses and permits required to carry out some activities in the Hotel. Pestel Analysis PESTEL represents Political, Economic, Social, Technical, Environment and Legislative factors which are external in nature. The current and future change of six key areas can affect the MHCCHs business. The PESTEL analysis explores the broad environment in which the MHCCH is operating. Political Factor: These contain the rules and regulations implemented on the Hotel by the Government. The Singapore government is inclined on increasing its popularity as a tourist destination, thus a beneficial factor for MHCCH. Economic Factors: Singapore is among some of the fastest growing eastern economies, thus the GDP and the public spending is on a constant rise, so is the purchasing power of the citizens of Singapore and the Tourists. Again its in favour of MHCCH. Social Factors: The Cultural and social aspects of a country are highly important to the business, the current trend of the growing demand for new styles of food and drink is a sign of the change in the social factor. Technological Factors: Technology is directly linked to modernisation, the hotel has to keep up to date with the latest technological changes in the business environment, for e.g. Wireless internet, Computer bay, HDTVs, etc. This improves the quality and quantity of the stay of the customers. Environmental Factors: Drastic changes are occurring in the global environment nowadays; also environmental awareness is becoming more common by the day. Environment friendly applications need to be adopted by MHCCH to balance its responsibility towards the environment. Legal Factors: The MHCCH must abide by the legislation operating in their geographical territory (Asian Legislation). This affects their business hugely. It may serve in or against their favour, depending on the legislation. Part B The Manor House Country Club Hotel can expand its business in within the next two years by following these strategies/theories. Ansoff Matrix: The Ansoff Matrix is useful in deciding the companys product and market growth strategy. The Ansoff Matrix in reference to MHCCH is: Market Penetration: MHCCH is building a stronger market position by providing similar luxury services as the other hotels in the same market. Market Development: MHCCH is investing in its site to develop its unused land into small leisure centres. These investments are aimed at developing a stronger position of the hotel in the market. Product Development: The main focus of MHCCH is on developing its service package by improving the infrastructure and attracting more customers. By investing in the hotel, the services they offer can be developed Diversification: This involves MHCCH entering a business that is not currently a part of their agenda, which at the moment it is not doing, but they can consider diversification into the alternatives in future, as it leads to added income and goodwill. Porters Grid Porters Grid is also well known as Porters Five Force analysis. These were developed by Michael E. Porter. The competitive environment of the MHCCH is explored in depth through the Porters analysis below: 1). Bargaining power of the Supplier: The supply in this industry is largely based on FMCGs (Fast Moving Consumer Goods) which is quite flexible considering the fact that the Hotel buys its supplies in bulk quantities. Thus the ready availability of the goods by the suppliers and the perennial demand of the goods limit the bargaining power of the suppliers. 2). Bargaining power of Buyers: There are many alternatives to choose from for the customers of MHCCH as there are rooms of varying levels of luxury and prices, ranging from basic single-bed room to ultra luxury Suite packages. There are other hotels offering similar rooms to them at competitive prices, thus buyers do have their share of bargaining power in this case. 3). Threat of new entrants: The hotel industry in Singapore is facing tough competition not only from the entry of locally based hotels but also giant multinational hotel chains, the new entrants might turn up as a threat for the company. 4). Threat of Substitutes: MHCCH basically provides accommodation oriented services to its customers, while there are a large number of substitutes available for them, to obtain similar services. The main differentiating factor here is pricing, and the difference in the quality of the services. There exists a strong threat of substitutes, but with a well planned pricing policy, this threat may be avoided. 5). Rivalry among competitors: Rivalry among competitors is fairly high for MHCCH as the rivals offer the same services/products, and they operate in the same market and environment. While at the same time there are new competitors entering the market. And also the buyers have the power to buy the services/products at lower prices. Conclusion As of now MHCCH is operating as successful enterprise, which through proper strategic planning can be developed into a much more flourishing business, and a highly successful hotel. But for Manor House Country Club Hotel to successfully expand its business in the next two years, it is advisable for them to adopt the Market/Product development strategy, as it provides them with an opportunity to utilise their available resources in an optimum manner, while at the same time continuing the routine functioning of business.

Roles and Responsibilities of Teacher

Unit 008 :Roles ,Responsibility and relationship in lifelong learning. This assignment is about the role and responsibility of teachers in lifelong learning. In order to teach in lifelong learning, a teacher will need different tools, support, understanding and above all a good knowledge of teaching codes of practice. As with all professions, teaching has to be done within the boundaries of the law to achieve a safe learning environment for the student. The legislations are very important to safeguard the teacher, student and adult learners.For example the Health and Safety at work act (1974) (Gravells, 2008, p. 19)is about the safety of the student and teacher. It is crucial for the teacher to ensure all learners are aware of their safety procedures at the beginning of any course. Furthermore, a risk assessment is carried out by the teacher, to reduce any risk on the premise. For example, when a teacher is carrying an experiment which includes heating, the teacher ensures students a re wearing safety goggles. ’The Disability Discrimination Act(1995 and onwards), which has been enforce to ensure nobody is discriminated against irrespective of disability(physical or mental ), gender, religion ,age, ethnicity, sexual orientation or social (domestic circumstances)’’ (Wilson, 2008, p. 20) In order to implement the above legislation, a teacher needs to assess what the requirements of his/her learners’ are, and how they could be supported. A teacher has to make sure that every learner has equal opportunities to access the learning experience. Similar essay: PTLLS Assignments Examples FreeFor example someone who lip reads, the teacher needs to speaks very clearly and avoids standing in darker area which will make it difficult for that particular learner to lip read. For example a learner who uses wheelchair, prior to the course, the teacher ensures the learner has access to all facilities without any problem e. g. a ramp is installed outside the room. At this point the teacher would require internal support services to install the ramp. Data Protection Act (1988) (Wilson, 2008, p. 20), each learner has their own file which holds personal and confidential information (address, contact details and medical history).These files are kept in a safe and secure place in a filing cabinet, which restricts sharing of data. The teacher should be a good team player to encourage and welcome people’s differences and use these qualities to broaden the learning experience. Teaching in a simple language helps the learners to understa nd the concept easily as for most learners’ English is not their first language. The teacher needs to ensure that learning tools like handouts are unbiased and exclude inappropriate comments from the classroom. It is important for a teacher to practise equality and diversity effectively so as to have a maximum impact on the learners.A good teacher needs to tailor their lessons according to learners’ needs and requirements; this is known as inclusive learning. ’’By inclusive learning we mean the greatest degree of match or fit between how learn best, what they need and what is required from the sector, a college and teachers for successful learning to take place’’ (Tomlinson, 1996, p. 200) . These qualities should be within a teacher, which is gain by using the teaching training cycle. The training cycle has five stages which are identifying needs, planning and designing, delivering, assessing and evaluating.A teacher must be certain of his/h er role, responsibilities and boundaries within these stages. During the initial stage of identifying needs and planning, the teacher will identify the needs of his/her learners (Yvonne Hillier,, 2005, p. 61). Firstly, by assessing any physical needs like wheelchair users. A questionnaire can also be used, to find out learners aim, previous experience, learner background, preferred learning style. The teacher would keep the questionnaire in a safe place and ensure no details are left on desks. Also make sure this confidential information is not available to anybody.Some learners’ needs may exceed what the teacher can offer; at this point the teacher will refer the student to another professional. For example, someone who has literacy needs, the teacher would refer the learner a literacy teacher to address his/her needs. During designing phase of the lessons, a teacher’s responsibility is to provide high quality materials example handouts, tutorial and games which will motivate and increase concentration in learners and facilitate learning. Thus, resources should be relevant and easy to access within the premises. The next stage is the delivery of the session.The teacher will ensure that the learners’ are equally involved and engaged in all the activities in order to facilitate the learning by using different learning tools and style . The lessons should be well-structured, clear aims established to ensure that lessons run on time. It is a teacher’s responsibility to establish a good professional relationship with the learners, so that they are comfortable asking any help for learning. Stay within boundaries so that the teacher should not be over friendly, and should always maintain a professional relationship.Avoid touching / leaning across learner during an explanation. In the assessing phases, the teacher ensures the lessons objectives are clear to the learners and check their progression. For example, quizzes can be organised to check the learner’s achievement and development feedback from learners will identify the development areas. However, the teacher should not set task which is not link directly to learning objectives. Among the duties of a teacher in the Lifelong Learning sector, the teacher also has to undertake responsibilities towards the other professionals in the organisation.One of the principal responsibilities as a teacher is to remain within the teaching code of practice. The collaboration between teachers and other professionals is important to maintain smooth running of the organisation. Good communication between professionals ensures that learners are getting the most efficient and effective support. The teacher will need to consult other professionals when needs exceeds his/her boundaries. For example, if a learner has not been able to finish his assignment on time and the reason could be financial problem.The role of the teacher should also include maintaining a safe and appropr iate learning environment to facilitate the learners. For example, before the start of the lesson, the teacher needs to ensure that the classroom layout is safe and accessible to all learners. To implement a safe environment, ground rules are set. Ground rules within a class, is a mutual agreement by the tutor and learners who attend the class. There are three ways of setting ground rules: teacher imposes, learner imposes or through negotiation. The ground rules can be promoted by displaying on the wall of the classroom, video or even by using pictures.